The effectiveness of US sanctions against Russia is now under intense scrutiny, with analysts debating whether they truly weaken Moscow or merely reroute its energy flows while inflicting collateral damage on Europe. The recent escalation of US sanctions against the Russian oil sector, introduced in late October, is already producing tangible side effects. According to Bloomberg Russia’s seaborne crude shipments fell sharply, dropping by the most since January 2024. Four-week average volumes from the country’s...










